A quantum circuit is a computational routine consisting of coherent quantum operations on quantum data, such as qubits, and concurrent real-time classical computation. It is an ordered sequence of quantum gates, measurements, and resets, which may be conditioned on and use data from the real-time classical computation. A set of quantum gates is said to be universal if any unitary transformation of the quantum data can be efficiently approximated arbitrarily well as a sequence of gates in the set. Any quantum program can be represented by a sequence of quantum circuits and non-concurrent classical computation.
A quantum gate is a reversible (unitary) operation applied to one or more qubits.
Electronic computer: program --> instructions (operand and data) - binary bits
Quantum computer: program --> quantum circuits (quantum gate and quantum data) - qubits
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