Quantum cryptography is to address issues in crypto key distribution by using a principle guaranteed by the fundamental laws of physics. Once a recipient receives the temper-proof key, She can then use conventional crypto method to encrypt/decrypt the message. So quantum cryptography is the hybrid approach of modern cryptography but the keys are exchanged via the quantum channel commonly called quantum key distribution (QKD).
Fig. Quantum Cryptography
According to physics, a quantum state is unobservant. If an eavesdropper observes a quantum sate, it changes so as to cause errors at the destination. So the sending and receiving parties know the communication was compromised. Only validated keys are secure and used for further encryption/decryption.
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